US Army's New M10 Booker (MPF)

The part about machine guns was posted before I read the rest of your post.

Indeed. The machine gun changed a lot on the battlefield.
Cavalry charges straight ahead towards the enemy suddenly
became a very obsolete tactic, even if some officers wanted
to continue using that tactic when the ugly war (WW I) was over.
The ungentlemanly machine gun should not be used in polite warfare.
The submarine was seen as “unsporting” and should not be used
by civilized navies.
By the way, the tank was needed to win against machine gun positions
and the arms race has gone on from there. Now we have weapons that
kill a tank buzzing all over the battlefield. The tank is currently a very
expensive tracked steel coffin until the drone threat can be neutralized
somehow.
The big gun battleships ruled the seas until they didn’t …

They can deny ground though. Russian soldiers are digging in and holding ground, trenches and small bunkers and then the drones come and blast them out of their holes. A drone can hover and drop a hand grenade down a 4 inch hole.
Before the drones a soldier would have to get all the way up to that hole and drop the grenade.
An airstrike could do the job at a much higher cost.

Still editing :wink:

Yep. It is currently a war where the defender has the advantage. Attacking over open terrain is currently a suicide mission, tanks or no tanks. Sort of back to when the machine gun made marching forwards in close formation a suicide mission.

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The breakout of drones occurred nearly sight unseen. Learn to spell and say Nagorno-Karabakh.

The people at TRADOC and Future Systems Command (now merged into Futures Command) have been studying this short and violent war since it occurred in 2020. It was the region’s second notable event, and the Azerbaijanis (Azeri) kicked the Armenians out of the region, with help from some notable friends:

  • Turkey (know of any Turkish drones in Ukraine?)
  • Israel (ditto?)
  • Belarus
  • Canada (!)
  • Ukraine (drones, in the continuing clashes)
  • Serbia
  • Czech Republic
  • A host of others as diplomatic support

Concurrently, adaptive camouflage began to get fielded. BAE systems has used it on the CV-series vehicles, and a helicopter. So it predates the 2020 confrontation. The Israelis published a paper entitled “Invisibility: Cloaking Scheme by Evanescent Fields Distortion on Composite Plasmonic Waveguides with Si Nano-Spacer,” claiming a microchip could be used with radar-absorbing paint to enhance stealth capabilities.

Even before that, a British physicist wrote a paper and subsequently received the Newton Award (guess who is the namesake, why don’t you) for developing the means for bending light waves using something called meta materials. Subsequently, scientists at the University of San Diego developed materials that allowed light waves to pass AROUND objects. And not just visible light.

Now you see it; now you don’t.

All this is to say that there’s plenty of study on the applications needed to camouflage MBTs from drones, and darn near anything else you’re ready to pay $$$ doing it.

Couple these developments with kinetics defense systems to counter drones, and I’d offer that MBTs will evolve, not die.

I commend to you the book “Seven Seconds to Die” by retired US COL John Antal. It is full of insights about a little known war (outside of think tanks) that began shaping technology and doctrine well before the current Invasion of Ukraine.

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Erdo, your reply is long, polished, and ultimately evasive.

I made a clear argument: battlefield conditions are changing fast, and platforms like the Booker need to be judged by modern cost-effectiveness, not legacy sentiment. You didn’t engage with that—you just leaned harder into outdated doctrine.

“It’s folly to overestimate drones…”

No, what’s folly is underestimating them after they’ve already reshaped warfare. Drones are neutralizing armor, shredding artillery, and exposing command posts at a scale never seen before. You claim to be a realist, yet dismiss actual battlefield outcomes as irrelevant.

“Soldiers still take and hold ground.”

Sure. But how they do it is evolving. Pretending drones are “just another tool” is like calling the machine gun a better rifle. This isn’t about toys—it’s about autonomous, networked ISR-strike platforms that force even infantry to rethink movement and concealment. You’re quoting doctrine like it hasn’t been under siege since 2022.

“History matters.”

It does—and one of the clearest lessons of history is that clinging to the last war’s logic is a fast track to defeat. Every military that failed to adapt in time paid the price. You cite WWI and WWII to support your view, but those wars are textbook examples of what happens when people dig in on outdated assumptions. You sound like someone defending the Maginot Line—confident, proud, and about to be outflanked by reality.

“Drones didn’t change outcomes like Kursk.”

That’s simply false.

They’ve changed survivability rates, tempo, and the viability of maneuver for both sides. The reason gains are measured in yards is because both armies are under relentless pressure from cheap ISR drones, FPV strikes, and loitering munitions. Drones are the reason many armored pushes fail before they begin.

“We always adapt.”

You say that like it happens automatically. If the U.S. military was great at proactive adaptation, we wouldn’t be 10 years late to loitering munitions and drone swarms. Look at the Booker: a system conceived in a pre-drone threat environment, now scrambling to justify its value against $400 kamikaze drones. That’s not adaptation. That’s inertia.

“Soldiers win wars.”

Nice slogan, but it dodges the question.

No one disputes the role of infantry. The question is how best to support them. Is it with a 38-ton light tank at $12 million per unit, or a swarm of ISR drones, loitering munitions, and EW assets that can dominate a battlespace at a fraction of the cost?


This isn’t about whether tanks disappear. It’s about whether we’re spending limited resources wisely in the face of evolving threats. You responded to a strategic argument with comfort phrases and historic parallels that don’t hold up.

You’ve built a case on tradition, pride, and repetition—but none of that stops a Switchblade. And none of it justifies pouring billions into a vehicle that might already be obsolete the day it’s fielded.

I respect that many here have firsthand experience that I don’t, and I’m coming at this from a data and doctrine perspective, not from the turret or the field. That said, I’ve laid out the argument as clearly and objectively as I can, grounded in current battlefield developments. If that still doesn’t resonate, that’s okay—but I don’t think there’s much value in going in circles when we’re clearly approaching this from different angles.

Cheers :clinking_beer_mugs:

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Erdo, your reply is long, polished, and ultimately evasive.

Whats evasive about my replies? I have my opinion and you have yours. If we disagree, thats fine. All we are doing is having a conversation

I made a clear argument: battlefield conditions are changing fast, and platforms like the Booker need to be judged by modern cost-effectiveness, not legacy sentiment. You didn’t engage with that—you just leaned harder into outdated doctrine

I didn’t disagree with you at all about battlefield conditions are fast changing, rather I wanted to point out that no matter how quickly conditions change the thing that does not change is wars are won or lost by the ability of the solider to take and hold ground. With this in mind I really don’t see a reason to engage any other way. You may see this as outdated doctrine but until you can demonstrate how drones can take and hold ground, and win wars, they will always remain just a tool.

When I point to historical examples, it’s to reveal what the future might hold. Every weapon system devised will eventually encounter it’s anti-weapon. Drones will be no different and we could also surmise based on history that someday drones will become obsolete.. Something else will come along that will exceed the drone, and military strategists will have to deal with them.

No, what’s folly is underestimating them after they’ve already reshaped warfare. Drones are neutralizing armor, shredding artillery, and exposing command posts at a scale never seen before. You claim to be a realist, yet dismiss actual battlefield outcomes as irrelevant.

Perhaps if you happen to be a Russian solider who must cross a field in a 60 yr old tank without infantry or artillery support, or your own anti-drone, drones. What’s relevant about this war is, once you strip away the technology, you will see that this is nothing more than attrition warfare.

Sure. But how they do it is evolving. Pretending drones are “just another tool” is like calling the machine gun a better rifle. This isn’t about toys—it’s about autonomous, networked ISR-strike platforms that force even infantry to rethink movement and concealment. You’re quoting doctrine like it hasn’t been under siege since 2022.

No one is saying that the infantry isn’t evolving, but I still stand by the fact that drones are nothing more than tools, tools that yes, autonomous, networked etc, but nonetheless still tools

It does—and one of the clearest lessons of history is that clinging to the last war’s logic is a fast track to defeat. Every military that failed to adapt in time paid the price. You cite WWI and WWII to support your view, …..

I cited WW1 and 2 not because I cling to the logic of the last wars. I cite them to reveal the lessons we can learn and apply what we’ve learned to the future.

That’s simply false.

They’ve changed survivability rates, tempo, and the viability of maneuver for both sides.

But the fact is Ukraine lost the battle in the Kursk region. Sure, you can argue that drones changed the tempo, survivability, etc, but they couldn’t change the inevitable defeat. Remember, when you strip away the technology of this war, this is still a war of attrition and right now it favors Russia.

And btw before anyone accuses me of supporting the Russians, for this point of view, I care less. I have no dog in this fight and want no part of it.

You say that like it happens automatically.

I say it like we don’t like taking losses for nothing.

If the U.S. military was great at proactive adaptation, we wouldn’t be 10 years late to loitering munitions and drone swarms. Look at the Booker: a system conceived in a pre-drone threat environment, now scrambling to justify its value against $400 kamikaze drones. That’s not adaptation. That’s inertia.

Except that the Booker wasn’t cancelled because of kamikaze drones. It was cancelled due to budgetary reasons.

No one disputes the role of infantry. The question is how best to support them. Is it with a 38-ton light tank at $12 million per unit, or a swarm of ISR drones, loitering munitions, and EW assets that can dominate a battlespace at a fraction of the cost?

Thats the million dollar question isn’t it. Perhaps it’s both. We know drones cannot take and hold ground. A tank on the other hand can. Then there is the cost. Sure, tanks are expensive. Its the main reason why the Booker was cancelled. If the government and military can successfully eliminate waste and fraud, it’s conceivable to believe that we could have an effective light tank in support of airborne troops that costs a fraction of the cost. At the same time lets not forget that drone technology isn’t getting cheaper. The more tech and more capability we load onto a drone is going to increase it’s cost, then multiply that by the hundreds or thousands of units you need for combat and it’s going to add up in a hurry. There is no panacea here

This isn’t about whether tanks disappear. It’s about whether we’re spending limited resources wisely in the face of evolving threats. You responded to a strategic argument with comfort phrases and historic parallels that don’t hold up.

Yet your argument seems to be one over the other. Maybe the real answer is you absolutely need both. You might want drones in your combined arms team, deployable by either infantry, tanks and artillery. You may want anti-drone drones to deal with enemy drones attempting to defeat your infantry, tanks or artillery units.

I respect that many here have firsthand experience that I don’t, and I’m coming at this from a data and doctrine perspective, not from the turret or the field. That said, I’ve laid out the argument as clearly and objectively as I can, grounded in current battlefield developments. If that still doesn’t resonate, that’s okay—but I don’t think there’s much value in going in circles when we’re clearly approaching this from different angles.

The beauty of such conversations regardless of how heated or how much disagreement, it’s still an opportunity to teach and learn. None of us can see the future, the only thing we can do is learn from the past. Thats not saying we hold to outdated doctrines or fight the next war using the strategies of the past. It is to make comparisons between then and now and learn from it.

Edro

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Appreciate the shift in tone, Erdo—but you’re still skirting the core issue: Is the Booker worth the cost in a battlespace increasingly shaped by drones, loitering munitions, and real-time ISR?

This isn’t about drones holding ground. It’s about whether legacy systems like Booker can survive long enough to support the troops that do. The battlefield has shifted, and platforms that don’t adapt are liabilities.

Calling drones “just tools” misses the point. Tools that redefine tempo, survivability, and doctrine are more than tools—they’re turning points. That’s why militaries are moving fast on drone swarms, AI targeting, and mesh-networked ISR—not clinging to pre-drone vehicles with marginal returns.

Pointing to Ukraine’s withdrawal from Kursk doesn’t disprove drones’ effectiveness. It proves that even in an attrition fight, drones shape outcomes—by exposing movement, degrading armor, and denying cover. Pretending that doesn’t matter isn’t realism—it’s denial.

You say Booker wasn’t canceled because of drones. Fine—it was budget. But that’s the point: limited defense dollars demand systems that deliver value. And in today’s threat environment, Booker never made a compelling case.

“Maybe we need both” sounds safe—but only if both options are worth it. History is full of platforms that made sense on paper, right until the battlefield proved otherwise. The burden of proof is on expensive legacy systems—not the threats already reshaping doctrine.

I respect the real-world experience many here bring—I’m coming at this from the systems and strategy side. But whether you’re pulling triggers or planning missions, the fundamentals are the same: adapt fast, spend smart, and field systems that survive contact with the battlefield—not just the budget committee.

We may not agree, but let’s not confuse comfort with clarity. The battlefield has already moved. The only question is whether we move with it.

Funny enough, this whole debate has me eyeing the M10 Booker kit in my stash. It may not survive a drone swarm, but it’ll survive a wash, some pigments, and maybe even a little drybrushing.

Appreciate the shift in tone, Erdo—but you’re still skirting the core issue: Is the Booker worth the cost in a battlespace increasingly shaped by drones, loitering munitions, and real-time ISR?

Absolutely! As mentioned before. There is no other weapon system that could replace the role of the tank. Sure they see an increasing array of threats, drones being one of many such threats, but you still need its capabilities in support of infantry…. Could drones support infantry? In some things, yes but not in all things.

I think where you are missing my point is you are basing your opinion on the Russian army, on their armor losses and assuming that any country would witness similar results, if put in the same situation. But what you haven’t considered is how terrible the Russians are at using their tanks in the face of drone threats. Instead of learning from their mistakes and developing a counter to drones, they simply throw another tank into the fray, maybe this time hiding it under a sheet metal box hoping it would break through. And then of course you have youtube videos which are great at sensationalizing the carnage.

This isn’t about drones holding ground. It’s about whether legacy systems like Booker can survive long enough to support the troops that do. The battlefield has shifted, and platforms that don’t adapt are liabilities.

Heres the thing, and we know this by what history teaches us. Every new war is different then the last. As such, everything has to adapt. The tank has been around for about a hundred years and participated in numerous wars and doing basically the same job it has always done If you follow the history of tanks you can see how they have changed over time, adapting to each war as they went along. Thats been my point all along. If they were adapting to each war, and adapting to every threat, then based on the history, we could expect to see the tank adapt to this modern war and it’s modern threats….. except lets not forget that both participants in this war are terrible at using tanks and don’t have the resources to overcome the threats.

Calling drones “just tools” misses the point. Tools that redefine tempo, survivability, and doctrine are more than tools—they’re turning points. That’s why militaries are moving fast on drone swarms, AI targeting, and mesh-networked ISR—not clinging to pre-drone vehicles with marginal returns.

No matter what you’d like to believe, drones are just tools. Drones aren’t super weapons that are impervious to all known threats. It’s a tool and like every tool, it can be exploited or defeated. But you might not see this if your opinion is biased and shaped by an inept army which lacks any ability to adapt to the drone threat.

Pointing to Ukraine’s withdrawal from Kursk doesn’t disprove drones’ effectiveness. It proves that even in an attrition fight, drones shape outcomes—by exposing movement, degrading armor, and denying cover. Pretending that doesn’t matter isn’t realism—it’s denial.

If drones can shape outcomes, the outcome at Kursk certainly wasn’t what Ukraine was hoping for. Pretending that they could do everything you said, yet Ukraine still loses the battle, just shows wishful thinking.

You say Booker wasn’t canceled because of drones. Fine—it was budget. But that’s the point: limited defense dollars demand systems that deliver value. And in today’s threat environment, Booker never made a compelling case.

You’re still insisting that drones ended the Booker, but thats not why it was cancelled. The case for Booker was to provide armor support for airborne units who, by their unique requirements wanted a light tank which could deploy with them and provide them armored support. With it’s cancellation, these units are back to having to deal with their own threats without armored support. Drones can help, but they cannot replace the tank.

“Maybe we need both” sounds safe—but only if both options are worth it. History is full of platforms that made sense on paper, right until the battlefield proved otherwise. The burden of proof is on expensive legacy systems—not the threats already reshaping doctrine.

If your burden of proof comes from Russian and Ukrainian operated legacy systems, you’ll never get an accurate picture of the threats reshaping doctrine.

I respect the real-world experience many here bring—I’m coming at this from the systems and strategy side. But whether you’re pulling triggers or planning missions, the fundamentals are the same: adapt fast, spend smart, and field systems that survive contact with the battlefield—not just the budget committee.

Ever heard the truth that you can plan for war, but the moment bullets begin to fly all that planning goes out the window? Or something to that effect…. ??

Funny enough, this whole debate has me eyeing the M10 Booker kit in my stash. It may not survive a drone swarm, but it’ll survive a wash, some pigments, and maybe even a little drybrushing.

I also have an M10 Booker in my stash, but I’m actually looking forward to finishing the Char 2C I started a week ago. It’s funny that when the French built that monstrosity, shortly after WW1, it was massive and seemingly invincible, yet when war once again visited Europe, the French chose to withdraw the Char 2C to safety, they ended up scuttling them rather then allow these things from falling to the Germans

Edro

Erdo, by now it’s clear this hasn’t been a debate—it’s been an exercise in evasions, selective history, and goalpost shifting.

I laid out a straightforward case: in a battlefield shaped by drones, real-time ISR, and loitering munitions, the M10 Booker doesn’t offer enough capability to justify its cost. You’ve responded by reframing the argument, putting words in my mouth, and falling back on generalizations like “drones are just tools”—as if that neutralizes the way they’re already reshaping doctrine.

Russian incompetence doesn’t invalidate the drone threat. If anything, it shows what happens when you fail to adapt to it. The real lesson isn’t that drones are overhyped—it’s that old platforms and bad assumptions get punished fast.

Saying “we’ll adapt” is not a strategy. It’s an excuse for clinging to systems that no longer align with the battlefield as it is, not as it used to be.

And the Char 2C reference? That’s a fitting analogy—massive, outdated, and more interesting as a model than a military asset.

I’ve said what I came to say. Others can decide what holds up under scrutiny. The Booker may not be built for 2025 in full scale, but it’ll survive a wash, some pigments, and maybe a little drybrushing just fine in 1/35.

In scale modeling, being inefficient, ineffective, obsolescent, and over budget is part of the charm. On a real battlefield, it’s a liability.

The problem goes beyond the M10 Booker in that the US Army has canceled RCV, HMMWV, and JLTV. Other armor programs might be at risk and the manufacturers are advertising for their products on social media.

Here is one of the main problems…it’s approaching $37 TRILLION dollars in debt.

https://www.usdebtclock.org

The cost of the Global War on Terror is estimated to have added $8 trillion for 22 years of war.

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Do tanks make a difference? Yes, there was a report that said that the USMC trained with an African nation and the Marine infantry were having a tough time against the African nation’s military until the five M1A1s showed up and broke the stalemate. The M10 Booker is designed to do that. (I think the M1A1s “Making a difference” example came from Tom Clancy’s non-fiction book, “MARINE,” but I could be wrong).

If you do a Google search for why the M10 Booker was canceled, it cited weight, contract problems, Ft. Campbell bridge problems, one M10 per C-17, and logistical problems…it didn’t cite FPV drones, according to Google AI. But those problems can all be fixed. It’s the order from SECDEF that caused the US Army to cancel armor programs.

Why then did the IDF employ tanks and armor so effectively in Gaza and take the whole country? That is another war not mentioned in much detail when RPGs, ATGMs, rockets, and drones were used by the opposition. The IDF armor survived mostly because they had the effective countermeasures to deal with these threats. Do a Google search and the IDF didn’t disclose how many IDF armor crew have been killed.

“Specific data on the number of IDF armor crew members killed in the Gaza war is unavailable.”–Google AI

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Good point Trisaw —Israel’s use of tanks in Gaza clearly shows that armor still plays a role on the modern battlefield, even in an environment shaped by drones and loitering munitions. Merkava tanks were essential for urban operations—providing direct fire, breaching capability, and close protection for infantry pushing into dense combat zones.

The success of the campaign was built on a well-coordinated combined-arms strategy, where armor was one piece of a much larger picture:

Airpower and precision ISR: IDF drones and aircraft struck tunnel networks, weapons caches, and command nodes well before ground forces advanced.

Electronic warfare and intelligence dominance: Real-time signal intelligence and surveillance allowed the IDF to isolate and eliminate targets with speed and precision.

Pre-invasion shaping: Hamas’ ability to resist in a coordinated way was degraded before a single tank crossed the line.

Armor remained relevant—because it was heavily adapted. Merkava tanks were often equipped with:

Trophy APS, which intercepted anti-tank missiles

Slat/cage armor to defend against drone-dropped munitions

Drone overwatch and infantry coordination to reduce exposure to FPV threats

Despite those measures, losses still occurred. Israel has been tight lipped.

So yes—tanks can still function in modern combat, but not without constant evolution and tight integration into a broader ISR-driven ecosystem. Gaza doesn’t signal a return to armor-dominated warfare. It’s a reminder that tanks survive in the drone age by adapting—and by operating as one node in a highly networked force.

Really solid example to bring up—Gaza offers one of the best current case studies for what modern combined-arms warfare actually looks like under pressure.

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Erdo, by now it’s clear this hasn’t been a debate—it’s been an exercise in evasions, selective history, and goalpost shifting.

I laid out a straightforward case: in a battlefield shaped by drones, real-time ISR, and loitering munitions, the M10 Booker doesn’t offer enough capability to justify its cost. You’ve responded by reframing the argument, putting words in my mouth, and falling back on generalizations like “drones are just tools”—as if that neutralizes the way they’re already reshaping doctrine.

I still consider this a debate, but while you want to accuse me of being evasive, of selective history and goalpost shifting, you fail to realize your own biases. You claimed that the Booker was cancelled because of the drone threat, yet this is not why the Booker was cancelled. As I mentioned, the Booker was cancelled due to budget, not to drones, Trisaw laid out the irrefutable details of the facts. So the thing here is, you are wrong on your assumptions. Your bias has also lead you to believe that based on the performance of two of the world’s worst armies that the same use of cheap drones against the world’s best army will net the same results. I beg to differ. Now that it’s been demonstrated that your bias runs deep, effectively proves my case, thank you

Edro

Erdo, just to clarify—I never claimed drones were the formal reason the Booker was canceled. What I’ve said is that its strategic vulnerability in today’s threat environment—particularly against drones, ISR saturation, and loitering munitions—made it far less defensible when budget cuts hit. That’s not bias. That’s how strategic relevance and procurement survival interact.

Trisaw is absolutely right: the cancellation was about budget. But budgets reflect priorities. When a program like the Booker struggles to prove its worth against emerging threats, it becomes a natural target. That’s not a coincidence—it’s precisely the point I’ve made.

Now, just to unpack your latest reply:

You built a straw man by saying I claimed drones formally caused the cancellation.

You misrepresented the Ukraine/Russia case study as if I said the U.S. would suffer identical outcomes. I didn’t. What I said was that it’s the only live, drone-saturated conflict we can observe, and we’d be foolish not to study it seriously.

You shifted the goalposts again—going from tactical relevance to budget paperwork to motivation and “bias.”

And the passive-aggressive “thanks for proving my case” line doesn’t actually answer anything—it just signals you’re done engaging with the argument.

Calling someone biased doesn’t make your position stronger. It just avoids the actual debate. Meanwhile, I’ve kept my argument consistent from the beginning: the Booker isn’t being canceled because of drones—it’s being canceled because it doesn’t adapt well to a battlefield increasingly shaped by them.

I’ll leave it there. Readers can decide who stuck to the facts, who shifted definitions, and who relied on framing instead of substance.

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Erdo, just to clarify—I never claimed drones were the formal reason the Booker was canceled.

Except that you did and continue to do so despite the irrefutable facts

What I’ve said is that its strategic vulnerability in today’s threat environment—particularly against drones,

See! You’re saying it again

Trisaw is absolutely right: the cancellation was about budget. But budgets reflect priorities. When a program like the Booker struggles to prove its worth against emerging threats, it becomes a natural target. That’s not a coincidence—it’s precisely the point I’ve made.

And here it is again. You cannot see the bias. All you can do is justify your position by reading your biases into it. Bottom line that you refuse to accept is, drones had no relevance in the decision to cancel the Booker.

You misrepresented the Ukraine/Russia case study as if I said the U.S. would suffer identical outcomes.

Speak about moving the goalposts. Now the Ukraine/Russia conflict is a case study??

Edro

At this point, I’ve presented a clear and consistent argument, supported by current strategic context and operational examples.

If that’s being framed as “bias,” I’ll leave it to others to judge where the real subjectivity lies. I don’t see value in continuing a discussion where clarity is met with misrepresentation and repetition.

There’s a difference between arguing with confidence and arguing with understanding—and I’ve already made my case. I’ll step back here and let the thread speak for itself.

This stopped being an exchange of ideas some time ago.

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It is interesting to run some cost per shot calculations. Let us say a tank costs $10 million US. Let us say a drone that delivers an equivalent warhead in an equivalent way costs $20,000 US. Let us also say that other characteristics, such as probability of hit and range, are exactly the same for both weapon systems. One tank costs the same as 500 drones. In a battle, will each tank survive long enough to fire 500 rounds?

Keep in mind, $20,000 US will buy a small car. A drone at that price point can have significant mass and range. It need not be a suicide machine.

At the program level, 300 tanks are equivalent to 150,000 drones. Both weapon systems require significant support equipment, such as carriers to move individual weapons to the battlefield. Both need fuel, maintenance, and trained operators. Those costs may not balance exactly.

The hypothetical drones can cover a much greater area that an equivalent number of tanks. They can move much more quickly. They are not hampered by ground conditions but cannot operate in severe weather, something a tank can do. Drones do not care about a biological, chemical, or nuclear battlefield contamination but the operators do.

Drones are tethered to an operator but so is a tank. The tank operator rides inside the tank. Drone operators can be thousands of miles from a battlefield, controlling weapons through a chain of networked nodes.

Anything that blinds a drone will blind a tank, so they are even in that regard. Anything that blocks communication to a drone will block communication to a tank. At that point, the tank, with operators aboard, becomes autonomous. It is still useful. Drones are not.

It is really interesting to think about all these things.

I am of the opinion that all armored vehicles are on a clock. Drawing a comparison from biology, a new life form evolved. It competes much better than previous life forms. Previous life forms may live on in niche ecosystems but these new creatures will soon dominate most of the planet.

An interesting question is, can a drone hold ground? Right now, the answer is mostly, “No”. However, with just a bit more programming know how, the answer definitely becomes, “Yes”. That is when things get really scary.

The next technological step is some kind of control collar for subjugated people with a computer that monitors all activity. Win the drone battle, collar all the people, then enjoy the fruits of an enslaved population that can never rebel.

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How does a soldier hold ground?
By being there with his weapons.
How does a drone hold ground?
By being there with its armaments and the operator sitting somewhere close or remote.

In the first case the soldier needs to be on the ground he controls, in the second case the
operator can be on or near the controlled ground or he can be further away, possibly even
in a comfortable place (reduces fatigue and enhances decision making capacity).
Drones could be given patrol areas so that the operator only needs to act when the drone
sees or hears something. One operator could then be holding a larger area than one soldier.

Physically controlling people is a job for personnell on the ground, just like in Afghanistan.

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Doug, very interesting thoughts! This might be interest…


Cold War Tank Life Expectancy – A Sobering Look at Both Sides of the Iron Curtain

I’ve been diving into Cold War doctrine lately, especially the armored warfare planning for a potential Warsaw Pact invasion of Western Europe. As a lifelong military history geek (but not a veteran), I wanted to share something that really struck me: how short the expected life expectancy was for tank crews on both sides of the conflict if war had ever broken out.

Many of you here at Armorama actually trained or served in these vehicles, so I want to be clear—this post is written with deep respect. What follows is a summary of what Cold War planners expected, not a commentary on the skill or courage of the crews. Quite the opposite: the bravery it took to climb into these machines, knowing the odds, is something I truly admire.


Why NATO Expected Tanks to Die Fast

  • Soviet doctrine emphasized massed armor assaults backed by artillery, airpower, and rapid tempo.
  • NATO planners assumed battles would be intense, fast-moving, and unforgiving.
  • Many tanks would be lost before they could even fire all their rounds.

A line I’ve seen repeated in Cold War planning circles says it all:

“You’ll die with rounds still in the rack.”

Not meant to be dramatic—just brutally honest about the pace and lethality of the battlefield envisioned in central Europe.


Vehicle-by-Vehicle Breakdown (NATO Main Battle Tanks)

M60A3 (USA)

  • Strengths: Solid 105mm gun, thermal sights (late versions), built in large numbers.
  • Weaknesses: High profile, limited armor vs late Soviet APFSDS.
  • Survival estimate: 15–30 minutes under fire in open terrain.

Chieftain (UK)

  • Strengths: Excellent 120mm rifled gun, good frontal armor.
  • Weaknesses: Mobility and mechanical issues.
  • Survival estimate: 20–40 minutes, best used in hull-down positions.

Challenger 1 (UK)

  • Strengths: Chobham armor, strong optics, effective firepower.
  • Weaknesses: Limited numbers fielded before 1990.
  • Survival estimate: 1–2 hours, with superior protection compared to Chieftain.

Leopard 1 (Germany)

  • Strengths: Speed, agility, top-tier optics, 105mm firepower.
  • Weaknesses: Minimal armor—designed to avoid hits, not absorb them.
  • Survival estimate: 10–20 minutes if engaged frontally.

Leopard 2 (Germany)

  • Strengths: Composite armor, 120mm gun, advanced FCS and mobility.
  • Survival estimate: 1–3 hours, one of NATO’s most capable MBTs.

M1 Abrams (USA – early 105mm variant)

  • Strengths: Excellent mobility, armor, and crew protection.
  • Weaknesses: 105mm gun was marginal vs late-model T-72s and T-80s.
  • Survival estimate: 30–60 minutes, better than M60A3, but not dominant yet.

M1A1 Abrams (USA – 120mm variant)

  • Strengths: 120mm smoothbore, DU armor (on later models), thermal sights, survivability focus.
  • Survival estimate: 1–4 hours, arguably the best overall tank NATO had by 1990.

Context Matters (NATO)

These survival times weren’t based on tank quality alone—they reflected assumptions about terrain, combined arms support, air superiority, and logistics. A tank dug in with infantry, engineers, and artillery backing it had a much better chance. One caught in the open or isolated? Likely gone fast.

And even top-tier vehicles like the M1A1 and Leopard 2 weren’t expected to survive indefinitely. The goal was to buy time—for reinforcements to arrive, or for escalation control, or for diplomacy to step in before things went nuclear.


NATO Quick Reference Table

Tank Est. Survival Time Role Summary
M60A3 15–30 min Workhorse, late-war stopgap
Chieftain 20–40 min Firepower-focused, static defense
Challenger 1 1–2 hrs Strong protection, limited fielding
Leopard 1 10–20 min Speed over armor
Leopard 2 1–3 hrs Highly survivable and lethal
M1 Abrams (105mm) 30–60 min Maneuverable, durable
M1A1 Abrams (120mm) 1–4 hrs NATO’s best Cold War tank

Soviet & Warsaw Pact Tank Crew Life Expectancy – Eastern Iron in a Western Firestorm

As a follow-up to the NATO tank survival discussion, I wanted to share some research and thoughts on how long Warsaw Pact and Soviet tank crews were expected to survive in a real war scenario—especially if they were the ones pressing the attack into West Germany during a Cold War that turned hot.

Again, I’m not a veteran—just a deeply interested student of armor history—and I’m posting this with full respect to those who trained for these scenarios on both sides of the Iron Curtain. Many of the tanks below were formidable machines, but like their NATO counterparts, their survival in combat was measured in minutes—not days.


Assumptions on the Soviet Side

  • Warsaw Pact forces emphasized speed and momentum, not prolonged survivability.
  • Soviet doctrine planned to accept massive losses to achieve breakthroughs.
  • Tanks were cheap, crews were trained quickly, and deep penetration mattered more than individual tank survival.
  • Most Soviet tanks had ammunition stored loosely in the crew compartment—especially in early autoloader designs—leading to catastrophic losses when penetrated (a phenomenon NATO crews later dubbed the “jack-in-the-box effect”).

Warsaw Pact Vehicle Breakdown

T-62

  • Gun: 115mm smoothbore (first of its kind).
  • Armor: Modest by 1980s standards.
  • Optics: Poor vs NATO counterparts, slow rate of fire.
  • Life expectancy: 10–20 minutes, maybe less if caught by Leopard 1, Chieftain, or M60A3 with good thermals.
  • Used by: Some second-line Soviet units, client states (Warsaw Pact allies, Middle East).

T-64

  • Gun: 125mm smoothbore, first use of autoloader.
  • Armor: Composite armor (early Soviet composite), decent protection.
  • Weakness: Cramped, highly vulnerable to internal ammo fires.
  • Life expectancy: 15–30 minutes, better than T-62, but still vulnerable to frontal hits from NATO 120mm or TOWs.

T-72 (main workhorse)

  • Gun: 125mm smoothbore.
  • Armor: Effective against 105mm rounds (early), vulnerable to 120mm and tandem warheads.
  • Autoloader: Fast but dangerous—stored shells under turret ring were exposed.
  • Life expectancy: 10–30 minutes, very dependent on terrain and engagement range.
  • Notable: Soviet planners expected very high attrition and designed the T-72 to be cheap, fast to build, and replaceable.

T-80

  • Gun: Improved 125mm with better fire control and thermals.
  • Armor: Advanced composite + ERA on later models.
  • Mobility: Excellent—gas turbine engine like M1 Abrams.
  • Life expectancy: 20–40 minutes, highest among Soviet MBTs, but still subject to NATO ATGMs, air strikes, and mines.
  • Drawback: Like M1, gas turbine logistics were burdensome.

IS-3 / JS-3 (late WWII/early Cold War heavy tank)

  • Gun: 122mm D-25T
  • Armor: “Pike nose” strong vs early postwar threats, obsolete by the 1970s.
  • Mobility: Poor.
  • Survival time: 5–10 minutes, not a Cold War frontline tank—used for show in parades or buried in defensive lines. Would’ve been slaughtered by even M48s, let alone M60A3 or Leopard 1s.

Warsaw Pact Summary Table

Tank Estimated Survival Comments
T-62 10–20 minutes Poor optics, aging design
T-64 15–30 minutes Good armor for its era, ammo vulnerability
T-72 10–30 minutes Ubiquitous, affordable, expendable
T-80 20–40 minutes Most survivable Soviet MBT
IS-3 5–10 minutes Obsolete by Cold War peak

Additional Notes

  • Soviet tactics emphasized breakthrough, not preservation. Tank brigades were expected to push until destroyed, then be followed by fresh waves.
  • While NATO focused on crew survivability, Soviet designs prioritized ease of production and offensive momentum.
  • Soviet air defenses were expected to suppress NATO airpower, but Western air supremacy and long-range ATGMs still made even top-end tanks vulnerable.

Final Thought

These life expectancy estimates were never a judgment on the men who crewed the tanks. Quite the opposite—they reflect the sheer intensity of the fight that NATO and Warsaw Pact armored crews were prepared to face. They weren’t just tankers. They were the first line of defense—or the spearhead of the offensive—in what would’ve been one of the most destructive wars in human history.

And the reality that many might not live long enough to reload wasn’t a failure of design—it was a reflection of the courage required just to sit in the driver’s seat or man the gun, knowing what was likely coming down the road.

Hope this summary is helpful—open to any corrections or deeper dives, especially from those of you who lived it. I’d be honored to learn more from your firsthand experience.

Wade (civilian military history geek, always learning)

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A few years back, General David Petraeus and Andrew Roberts wrote a book on the subject of holding ground versus an insurgency. It is an elaboration on the general’s doctoral thesis. I really need to finally get that one.

At some point this century, it will no longer be necessary for human beings to patrol a subjugated population. That is going to be a really scary moment for our species.

As an aside, another thing I find really interesting about this subject is how real world technology has invalidated and surpassed so many science fiction tropes. Lots of science fiction stories, including many written recently, feel hopelessly outdated and silly because of advances in computer and drone technology.

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from what i read the ones being tested by the 101st AB they were saying that the M10 was too heavy for most of the bridges on Ft Cambell

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T64,t72 and T80 all have the main gun ammo under the turret basket in a carousel

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Wow, lots of verbage in this thread.
My opinion: Before we dive off of the diving board into new vehicles, the drone issue needs some practical solutions. In WW2 the allies had air superiority. Think about how that advanced our movement across Europe both directly and indirectly. Probably a game changer. The lesson is still there to be learned. Get the drone under control or the war of attrition will be too high. The suicide drone as seen in Ukraine is but one aspect. Another is the stand off drones that can carry a hellfire missel or two. It can be sitting on the ground waiting and be launched when a target is spotted. Less than 60 seconds it could climb a hundred feet, launch and then drop back down to the launch pad, a flat bed truck and driven off before counter fire could take place. Whatever vehicle you come up with can it survive a drone attack? For a vehicle to be rendered ineffective it does not have to be destroyed.

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